Bi weekly exam 7th sept
Ans 1- Anatomical diagnosis- Glomerulus of the kidney Histological? Loss of effacement of foot process of podocytes of basement membrane ? Membranous glomerulonephropathy Etiological diagnosis- Diabetes,hypertension Diabetic nephropathy Ans2- A zotemia -it is defined as increase in Blood urea nitrogen with BUN to creatinine ratio less than 20:1 suggestive of either renal or post renal azotemia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538145/ The causes for post renal ruled out by radiological imaging. b. ANAEMIA-erythropoeitin deficiency in CKD,uraemia induced inhibitors of erythropoeisis, shortened erythrocyte survival CKD patients have increased iron losses, estimated at 1–3 g per year in hemodialysis patients, due to chronic bleeding from uremia-associated platelet dysfunction, frequent phlebotomy, and blood trapping in the dialysis apparatus. CKD patients, particularly hemodialysis patients, also have impaired dietary iron absorption. https://jasn.asnjournals.org/cont